Synoptic Study
The Last 24 Hours of the Savior’s Mortal Life — A Harmony of the Four Gospels
| Event | Matthew | Mark | Luke | John |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thursday Evening | ||||
| Preparation for the Passover | 26:17–19 Disciples ask where to prepare; Jesus sends them into the city to a certain man. | 14:12–16 Two disciples sent to find a man carrying a pitcher of water; upper room prepared. | 22:7–13 Peter and John sent to prepare; they find the room as Jesus described. | — |
| Washing the Disciples' Feet | — | — | — | 13:1–17 Jesus washes the disciples' feet, teaching that the greatest must serve. |
| The Betrayer Identified | 26:20–25 Jesus says one of them will betray Him; Judas asks 'Is it I?' and Jesus confirms. | 14:17–21 Jesus declares one who dips with Him in the dish will betray Him. | 22:21–23 Jesus says the hand of the betrayer is with Him on the table. | 13:18–30 Jesus gives the sop to Judas; Satan enters Judas, who departs into the night. |
| Institution of the Sacrament | 26:26–29 Jesus breaks bread and shares the cup, establishing the new covenant in His blood. | 14:22–25 Jesus gives bread as His body and the cup as His blood of the new testament. | 22:14–20 Jesus takes the cup and bread, saying 'This do in remembrance of me.' | — |
| The Farewell Discourse | — | — | — | 14:1–16:33 Jesus teaches of the Comforter, the vine and the branches, and promises peace. |
| The Intercessory Prayer | — | — | — | 17:1–26 Jesus prays for Himself, His disciples, and all future believers, that they may be one. |
| Peter's Denial Foretold | 26:31–35 Jesus foretells all will be offended; Peter insists he will never deny Him. | 14:27–31 Jesus tells Peter he will deny Him thrice before the cock crows twice. | 22:31–34 Jesus tells Peter that Satan desires to sift him; Peter will deny Him thrice. | 13:36–38 Peter asks where Jesus is going and pledges his life; Jesus foretells the denial. |
| Thursday Night | ||||
| Agony in Gethsemane | 26:36–46 Jesus prays three times for the cup to pass; sweats as it were great drops; disciples sleep. | 14:32–42 Jesus is sorrowful unto death; prays for the hour to pass; finds disciples sleeping. | 22:39–46 An angel strengthens Jesus; His sweat becomes as great drops of blood. | 18:1 Jesus goes with His disciples over the brook Cedron to a garden. |
| The Betrayal and Arrest | 26:47–56 Judas betrays Jesus with a kiss; a disciple cuts off the servant's ear; Jesus rebukes violence. | 14:43–52 Judas kisses Jesus; a young man flees naked; all forsake Him and flee. | 22:47–53 Jesus heals the servant's ear; tells captors this is their hour and the power of darkness. | 18:2–12 Soldiers fall backward when Jesus says 'I am he'; Peter cuts off Malchus's ear. |
| Trial Before Annas | — | — | — | 18:13–14, 19–24 Jesus is taken to Annas first; questioned about His doctrine; struck by an officer. |
| Trial Before Caiaphas and the Sanhedrin | 26:57–68 False witnesses testify; Jesus declares He is the Christ; the council condemns Him. | 14:53–65 Witnesses disagree; Jesus affirms He is the Son of the Blessed; they spit on Him. | 22:54, 63–71 The men mock and beat Him; at dawn the council asks if He is the Son of God. | 18:24 Annas sends Jesus bound to Caiaphas the high priest. |
| Peter's Three Denials | 26:69–75 Peter denies Jesus three times in the courtyard; the cock crows; Peter weeps bitterly. | 14:66–72 Peter denies three times; the cock crows a second time; Peter breaks down and weeps. | 22:55–62 Peter denies thrice; Jesus turns and looks at Peter; Peter goes out and weeps. | 18:15–18, 25–27 Peter denies twice in the courtyard and once to a relative of Malchus; the cock crows. |
| Early Friday Morning | ||||
| Judas's Remorse and Death | 27:3–10 Judas returns the thirty pieces of silver, goes out, and hangs himself. | — | — | — |
| Friday Morning | ||||
| First Trial Before Pilate | 27:1–2, 11–14 Jesus is delivered to Pilate; asked if He is King of the Jews; gives no answer to accusations. | 15:1–5 The council delivers Jesus to Pilate; Jesus answers 'Thou sayest it' but nothing more. | 23:1–5 They accuse Jesus of perverting the nation and forbidding tribute to Caesar. | 18:28–38 Jesus tells Pilate His kingdom is not of this world; Pilate finds no fault in Him. |
| Jesus Before Herod Antipas | — | — | 23:6–12 Herod questions Jesus at length; Jesus answers nothing; mocked and sent back to Pilate. | — |
| Second Trial Before Pilate — Barabbas Released | 27:15–26 The crowd chooses Barabbas; Pilate washes his hands; delivers Jesus to be crucified. | 15:6–15 Pilate offers to release Jesus; the crowd demands Barabbas; Pilate delivers Jesus. | 23:13–25 Pilate and Herod find no fault; the crowd cries for Barabbas; Pilate releases him. | 18:39–19:16 Pilate says 'Behold the man!'; the Jews cry 'Crucify him!'; Pilate delivers Jesus. |
| Scourging and Mocking by Soldiers | 27:27–31 Soldiers put a scarlet robe and crown of thorns on Jesus; mock Him as King of the Jews. | 15:16–20 Soldiers clothe Jesus in purple, crown Him with thorns, and strike Him. | — | 19:1–3 Pilate has Jesus scourged; soldiers place a crown of thorns and a purple robe on Him. |
| The Road to Golgotha | 27:32–34 Simon of Cyrene is compelled to carry the cross; they arrive at Golgotha. | 15:21–23 Simon of Cyrene bears the cross; they bring Jesus to Golgotha. | 23:26–32 Simon carries the cross; Jesus tells the weeping daughters of Jerusalem to weep for themselves. | 19:17 Jesus goes forth bearing His own cross to Golgotha. |
| Friday ~9:00 AM | ||||
| The Crucifixion | 27:35–44 Jesus is crucified between two thieves; passersby and priests mock Him; soldiers cast lots. | 15:24–32 Crucified at the third hour; the superscription reads 'King of the Jews.' | 23:33–43 Jesus says 'Father, forgive them'; one thief repents and is promised paradise. | 19:18–27 Pilate's title in three languages; Jesus entrusts His mother to the beloved disciple. |
| Friday Noon–3:00 PM | ||||
| Darkness Over the Land | 27:45 Darkness covers the land from the sixth hour to the ninth hour. | 15:33 Darkness over the whole land from the sixth to the ninth hour. | 23:44–45 Darkness over all the earth; the sun is darkened. | — |
| Friday ~3:00 PM | ||||
| The Death of Jesus | 27:46–56 Jesus cries 'My God, why hast thou forsaken me?'; yields the ghost; the veil is rent; earthquakes. | 15:34–41 Jesus cries out and breathes His last; the veil of the temple is torn; the centurion testifies. | 23:46–49 Jesus says 'Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit' and gives up the ghost. | 19:28–37 Jesus says 'It is finished'; His side is pierced with a spear; blood and water flow. |
| Friday Late Afternoon | ||||
| The Burial | 27:57–61 Joseph of Arimathaea asks Pilate for the body; wraps it in linen and places it in his own new tomb. | 15:42–47 Joseph boldly asks for the body; lays it in a tomb hewn from rock; rolls a stone to the door. | 23:50–56 Joseph wraps the body in linen; the women observe the tomb and prepare spices. | 19:38–42 Joseph and Nicodemus prepare the body with spices and linen; bury Him in a nearby garden tomb. |
| Saturday | ||||
| The Guard at the Tomb | 27:62–66 Chief priests and Pharisees ask Pilate for a guard; the tomb is sealed and watched. | — | — | — |
Preparation for the Passover
Disciples ask where to prepare; Jesus sends them into the city to a certain man.
Two disciples sent to find a man carrying a pitcher of water; upper room prepared.
Peter and John sent to prepare; they find the room as Jesus described.
Washing the Disciples' Feet
Jesus washes the disciples' feet, teaching that the greatest must serve.
The Betrayer Identified
Jesus says one of them will betray Him; Judas asks 'Is it I?' and Jesus confirms.
Jesus declares one who dips with Him in the dish will betray Him.
Jesus says the hand of the betrayer is with Him on the table.
Jesus gives the sop to Judas; Satan enters Judas, who departs into the night.
Institution of the Sacrament
Jesus breaks bread and shares the cup, establishing the new covenant in His blood.
Jesus gives bread as His body and the cup as His blood of the new testament.
Jesus takes the cup and bread, saying 'This do in remembrance of me.'
The Farewell Discourse
Jesus teaches of the Comforter, the vine and the branches, and promises peace.
The Intercessory Prayer
Jesus prays for Himself, His disciples, and all future believers, that they may be one.
Peter's Denial Foretold
Jesus foretells all will be offended; Peter insists he will never deny Him.
Jesus tells Peter he will deny Him thrice before the cock crows twice.
Jesus tells Peter that Satan desires to sift him; Peter will deny Him thrice.
Peter asks where Jesus is going and pledges his life; Jesus foretells the denial.
Agony in Gethsemane
Jesus prays three times for the cup to pass; sweats as it were great drops; disciples sleep.
Jesus is sorrowful unto death; prays for the hour to pass; finds disciples sleeping.
An angel strengthens Jesus; His sweat becomes as great drops of blood.
Jesus goes with His disciples over the brook Cedron to a garden.
The Betrayal and Arrest
Judas betrays Jesus with a kiss; a disciple cuts off the servant's ear; Jesus rebukes violence.
Judas kisses Jesus; a young man flees naked; all forsake Him and flee.
Jesus heals the servant's ear; tells captors this is their hour and the power of darkness.
Soldiers fall backward when Jesus says 'I am he'; Peter cuts off Malchus's ear.
Trial Before Annas
Jesus is taken to Annas first; questioned about His doctrine; struck by an officer.
Trial Before Caiaphas and the Sanhedrin
False witnesses testify; Jesus declares He is the Christ; the council condemns Him.
Witnesses disagree; Jesus affirms He is the Son of the Blessed; they spit on Him.
The men mock and beat Him; at dawn the council asks if He is the Son of God.
Annas sends Jesus bound to Caiaphas the high priest.
Peter's Three Denials
Peter denies Jesus three times in the courtyard; the cock crows; Peter weeps bitterly.
Peter denies three times; the cock crows a second time; Peter breaks down and weeps.
Peter denies thrice; Jesus turns and looks at Peter; Peter goes out and weeps.
Peter denies twice in the courtyard and once to a relative of Malchus; the cock crows.
Judas's Remorse and Death
Judas returns the thirty pieces of silver, goes out, and hangs himself.
First Trial Before Pilate
Jesus is delivered to Pilate; asked if He is King of the Jews; gives no answer to accusations.
The council delivers Jesus to Pilate; Jesus answers 'Thou sayest it' but nothing more.
They accuse Jesus of perverting the nation and forbidding tribute to Caesar.
Jesus tells Pilate His kingdom is not of this world; Pilate finds no fault in Him.
Jesus Before Herod Antipas
Herod questions Jesus at length; Jesus answers nothing; mocked and sent back to Pilate.
Second Trial Before Pilate — Barabbas Released
The crowd chooses Barabbas; Pilate washes his hands; delivers Jesus to be crucified.
Pilate offers to release Jesus; the crowd demands Barabbas; Pilate delivers Jesus.
Pilate and Herod find no fault; the crowd cries for Barabbas; Pilate releases him.
Pilate says 'Behold the man!'; the Jews cry 'Crucify him!'; Pilate delivers Jesus.
Scourging and Mocking by Soldiers
Soldiers put a scarlet robe and crown of thorns on Jesus; mock Him as King of the Jews.
Soldiers clothe Jesus in purple, crown Him with thorns, and strike Him.
Pilate has Jesus scourged; soldiers place a crown of thorns and a purple robe on Him.
The Road to Golgotha
Simon of Cyrene is compelled to carry the cross; they arrive at Golgotha.
Simon of Cyrene bears the cross; they bring Jesus to Golgotha.
Simon carries the cross; Jesus tells the weeping daughters of Jerusalem to weep for themselves.
Jesus goes forth bearing His own cross to Golgotha.
The Crucifixion
Jesus is crucified between two thieves; passersby and priests mock Him; soldiers cast lots.
Crucified at the third hour; the superscription reads 'King of the Jews.'
Jesus says 'Father, forgive them'; one thief repents and is promised paradise.
Pilate's title in three languages; Jesus entrusts His mother to the beloved disciple.
Darkness Over the Land
Darkness covers the land from the sixth hour to the ninth hour.
Darkness over the whole land from the sixth to the ninth hour.
Darkness over all the earth; the sun is darkened.
The Death of Jesus
Jesus cries 'My God, why hast thou forsaken me?'; yields the ghost; the veil is rent; earthquakes.
Jesus cries out and breathes His last; the veil of the temple is torn; the centurion testifies.
Jesus says 'Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit' and gives up the ghost.
Jesus says 'It is finished'; His side is pierced with a spear; blood and water flow.
The Burial
Joseph of Arimathaea asks Pilate for the body; wraps it in linen and places it in his own new tomb.
Joseph boldly asks for the body; lays it in a tomb hewn from rock; rolls a stone to the door.
Joseph wraps the body in linen; the women observe the tomb and prepare spices.
Joseph and Nicodemus prepare the body with spices and linen; bury Him in a nearby garden tomb.
The Guard at the Tomb
Chief priests and Pharisees ask Pilate for a guard; the tomb is sealed and watched.
Total Events Chronicled
23
Events in All Four Gospels
12
Unique to One Gospel
7
Source: The King James Version of the Holy Bible — the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John.